Further reading

Bello, RD. (2019). "Enhancing Environmental Staff Cleaning Process and Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)". Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection). 939. https://epublications.regis.edu/theses/939 (accessed 12/01/2025)

Brennan, M. L., Arlt, S. P., Belshaw, Z., Buckley, L., Corah, L., Doit, H., .& White, C. (2020). Critically appraised topics (CATs) in veterinary medicine: applying evidence in clinical practice. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7, 314. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00314

Bridier A, Briandet R, Thomas V, Dubois-Brissonnet F. (2011). Resistance of bacterial biofilms to disinfectants: a review. Biofouling. 2011 Oct;27(9):1017-32. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2011.626899. PMID: 22011093

Boyce JM, Havill NL, Dunigan DG, Golebiewski M, Balogun 0, Rizvani R, (2009). Monitoring the effectiveness of hospital cleaning practices by using an adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assay. Infect Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 30, 678 -684.

Burch DGS (2016). Antimicrobial resistance – the link between animals and man.  The Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 46, 57-62

Burgess BA, Morley PS (2015) Veterinary Hospital Surveillance Systems. Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice. 45(2):235-42.

Burke JP (2003). Infection control – a problem for patient safety.  N. Engl. J. Med. 348(7): 651-656.

Carling PC, Briggs JL, Perkins J, Highlander D. (2006). Improved cleaning of patient rooms using a new targeting method. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Feb 1; 42(3):385-8.

Casini B, Tuvo B, Totaro M, Aquino F, Baggiani A, Privitera G. (2018). Evaluation of the Cleaning Procedure Efficacy in Prevention of Nosocomial Infection in Healthcare Facilities Using Cultural Method Associated with High Sensitivity Luminometer for ATP Detection.  Pathogens 7,71.

Centres for disease control and prevention (2019). Options for Evaluating Environmental cleaning. https://www.cdc.gov/hai/toolkits/appendices-evaluating-environ-cleaning.html.

Dancer SJ. (2014). Controlling Hospital-Acquired Infection: Focus on the Role of the

Environment and New Technologies for Decontamination. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 27. 4. 665 – 690.

Ferguson, C. J. (2016). An effect size primer: A guide for clinicians and researchers. In: A. E. Kazdin (Ed.). Methodological issues and strategies in clinical research (pp. 301–310). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/1.1037/14805-020

Han JH, Sullivan N, Leas BF, Pegues DA, Kaczmarek JL, Umcheid CA. (2015). Cleaning Hospital Room Surfaces to Prevent Health Care Associated Infections Annals of Internal Medicine • Vol. 163 No. 8.  Downloaded From: http://annals.org/ on 04/06/2016

Hygiena® (2014) UltraSnap® Surface ATP Test: Instructional Demo (accessed on 12/01/2025)

Khuan W (2014). How clean is clean: a new approach to assess and enhance environmental cleaning and disinfection in an acute tertiary care facility.  BMJ Quality Improvement Reports 2014; u205401.w2483 doi: 10.1136/bmjquality.u205401.w2483

Kim, Y. J., Hong, M. Y., Kang, H. M., Yum, S. K., Youn, Y. A., Lee, D. G., & Kang, J. H. (2023). Using adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence level monitoring to identify bacterial reservoirs during two consecutive Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus capitis nosocomial infection outbreaks at a neonatal intensive care unit. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 12(1), 68.

Kohli R, Mittal KL. (2019). Overview of Surface Cleanliness Measurement Methods,

Editor(s): Rajiv Kohli, K.L. Mittal, Chapter 6.  Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning, Volume 12,  Elsevier,  pp175-176,.   ISBN 9780128160817,

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816081-7.00006-1.

La A, Zhang Q, Cicek N, Coombs KM. (2022). Current understanding of the airborne transmission of important viral animal pathogens in spreading disease.  Biosystems Engineering,

Volume 224, pp 92-117, ISSN 1537-5110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2022.09.013.

Liu YY, Wang Y, Walsh TR, Yi LX, Zhang R, Spencer J, Doi Y, Tian G, Dong B, Huang X, Yu LF, Gu D, Ren H, Chen X, Lv L, He D, Zhou H, Laing Z, Liu JH. (2016).  Emergence of plasmid-mediated colisitin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China: a microbiological and a molecular biological study.  The Lancet Infectious Diseases.  Volume 16, No 2, p 161-168.

Loveday HP, Wilson Ja, Pratta RJ, Golsorkhia M, Tinglea A, Baka A, Brownea J, Prietob J, Wilcox M. (2014). epic3: National Evidence-Based Guidelines for Preventing Healthcare-Associated Infections in NHS Hospitals in England.  Journal of Hospital Infection 86S1 (2014) S1–S70

Malik EM, Cooper RA, Griffith CJ. (2003) Use of audit tools to evaluate the efficacy of cleaning systems in hospitals.  American Journal of Infection Control. 31(3) 181-7.

Malik DJ, Shama G, (2012). Estimating bacterial surface contamination by means of ATP determinations: 20 pence short of a pound.  J Hosp Infect, :80, 354-356

Mielke M (2010). Prevention and control of nosocomial infections and resistance to antibiotics in Europe – Primum non-nocere: Elements of successful prevention and control of healthcare associated infections. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 300(6): 346–350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. ijmm.2010.04.004 PMid:20451448

Milton ARP, Priya GB, Aravind M, Parthasarathy S, Saminathan M, Jeeva K, Agarwal RK. (2015){.  Nosocomial infections and their surveillance in veterinary hospitals.  In: Advances in Animal veterinary Science.  3: 2: 1-24

Mitchell BG, McGhie A, Whiteley G, Farrington A, Hall L, Halton K, White NM, (2020)

Evaluating bio-burden of frequently touched surfaces using Adenosine Triphosphate bioluminescence (ATP): Results from the Researching Effective Approaches to Cleaning in Hospitals (REACH) trial.  Infection, Disease & Health, :25, 3, 168-174.

Mohajeri, K., Megari, M, & Lee, A.S. (2020). When statistical significance is not enough: investigating relevance, practical significance, and statistical significance. MIS Quarterly, 44 (2), 525-559. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2020/13932

Mulvey EM, Redding P, Robertson C, et al.,.,. (2011).  Finding a benchmark for monitoring hospital cleanliness. J Hosp Infect. 77(1):25-30.

Nante N, Ceriale E, Messina G, Lenzi D, Manzi P, (2017). Effectiveness of ATP bioluminescence to assess hospital cleaning: a review. J Prev Med Hyg 58:mE177-E183.

NHS England » National infection prevention and control manual (NIPCM) for England

NHS England » National standards of healthcare cleanliness 2025

Nishikawa-Pacher, A. (2022). Research questions with PICO: a universal mnemonic. Publications, 10(3), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications10030021

O’Neill (2016). http://amr-review.org/           O’Neill Review on Antimicrobial Resistance

Omidbakhsh N, Ahmadpour F, Kenny N. (2014). How Reliable are ATP Bioluminescence Meters in Assessing Decontamination of Environmental Surfaces in Healthcare Settings. (2014). Plos One, 9:6,e99951.

Roady L, (2015).  Abundant research in support of ATP cleaning verification's applicability in healthcare. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, :36, 1367

Sherlock O, O’Connell N, Creamer E, Humphreys H. (2009). Is it really clean? An evaluation of the efficacy of four methods for determining hospital cleanliness. J Hosp Infect. 72, 140-146.

Siedlecki, S. L. (2020). Quasi-experimental research designs. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 34(5), 198-202. doi: 10.1097/NUR.0000000000000540

Singaravelu, A., Leggett, B., & Leonard, F. C. (2023). Improving infection control in a veterinary hospital: a detailed study on patterns of faecal contamination to inform changes in practice. Irish Veterinary Journal, 76(1), 4.

Skull JW, Bjorvik E, Bub J, Dvorak G, Petersen C, Troyer H, (2018). AAHA Infection Control, Prevention, and Biosecurity Guidelines. JAAHA 54:6. pp1-30.

Stickney GDN, Mankin TKM (2017). The impact of post discharge surveillance on surgical site infection diagnosis. Veterinary Surgery. VS, 02 Nov 2017, 47(1):66-73.  DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12738 PMID: 29094371

Taylor, J. M., & Alanazi, S. (2023). Cohen's and Hedges' g. Journal of Nursing Education, 62(5), 316-317.https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20230415-02

Turk, R., Singh, A. and Weese, J.S. (2015), Prospective Surgical Site Infection Surveillance in Dogs. Veterinary Surgery, 44: 2-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2014.12267.x

Weese JS, Caldwell F, Willey BM, Kreiswirth BN, McGeer A, Rousseau J, Low DE (2006a). An outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections resulting from horse to human transmission in a veterinary hospital. Vet. Microbiol. 114(1-2): 160–164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. vetmic.2005.11.054 PMid:16384660

Whiteley GS, Glasbey TO, Fahey PP, (2022).  Using a simplified ATP algorithm to improve data reliability and improve cleanliness standards for surface and medical device hygiene.

Infection, Disease & Health, :27, 1, 3-9.

Willis C, Morley R, Westbury J, Greenwood M, Pallett A, (2007).  Evaluation of ATP bioluminescence swabbing, as a monitoring and training tool for effective hospital cleaning. Br J Infect Control 8, 17, 21.